

Title | Reliable clinical serum analysis with reusable electrochemical sensor: Toward point-of-care measurement of the antipsychotic medication clozapine. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Authors | Kang, M, Kim, E, Winkler, TE, Banis, G, Liu, Y, Kitchen, CA, Kelly, DL, Ghodssi, R, Payne, GF |
Journal | Biosens Bioelectron |
Volume | 95 |
Pagination | 55-59 |
Date Published | 2017 Apr 12 |
ISSN | 1873-4235 |
Abstract | Clozapine is one of the most promising medications for managing schizophrenia but it is under-utilized because of the challenges of maintaining serum levels in a safe therapeutic range (1-3μM). Timely measurement of serum clozapine levels has been identified as a barrier to the broader use of clozapine, which is however challenging due to the complexity of serum samples. We demonstrate a robust and reusable electrochemical sensor with graphene-chitosan composite for rapidly measuring serum levels of clozapine. Our electrochemical measurements in clinical serum from clozapine-treated and clozapine-untreated schizophrenia groups are well correlated to centralized laboratory analysis for the readily detected uric acid and for the clozapine which is present at 100-fold lower concentration. The benefits of our electrochemical measurement approach for serum clozapine monitoring are: (i) rapid measurement (≈20min) without serum pretreatment; (ii) appropriate selectivity and sensitivity (limit of detection 0.7μM); (iii) reusability of an electrode over several weeks; and (iv) rapid reliability testing to detect common error-causing problems. This simple and rapid electrochemical approach for serum clozapine measurements should provide clinicians with the timely point-of-care information required to adjust dosages and personalize the management of schizophrenia. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.008 |
Alternate Journal | Biosens Bioelectron |
PubMed ID | 28412661 |
Grant List | R56 MH105571 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States |